Sound can be divided into two essential areas:
Diegetic
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: Generated by things we
can see in the picture ('from within the world of the narrative')
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Non Diegetic
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: Generated outside the picture
('from outside the world of the narrative') e.g. voice over or music
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Diegetic Sound
Diegetic sound begins –but doesn't end– with what you record on
location at the same time as you capture images. Locati
on sound is often enhanced with sound effects (used to add or heighten individual sounds for narrative effect e.g. a phone ringing, or an explosion off camera). Ambient Sound(outdoors) or Room Tone(indoors) is layered in for realism (and to hide the moment when a plane zoomed overhead or car doors slammed nearby). Dialogue is an important part of diegetic sound, and depends on vocal delivery. A good actor can vary pitch, tone, volume and accent according to what the director wants on set, but an interviewee will only speak in their natural voice. Dialogue can be enhanced in post production, or even replaced as ADR. Sound motifs (e.g. birdsong) can be added as part of post-production sound design, but may seem to come from within the frame.
on sound is often enhanced with sound effects (used to add or heighten individual sounds for narrative effect e.g. a phone ringing, or an explosion off camera). Ambient Sound(outdoors) or Room Tone(indoors) is layered in for realism (and to hide the moment when a plane zoomed overhead or car doors slammed nearby). Dialogue is an important part of diegetic sound, and depends on vocal delivery. A good actor can vary pitch, tone, volume and accent according to what the director wants on set, but an interviewee will only speak in their natural voice. Dialogue can be enhanced in post production, or even replaced as ADR. Sound motifs (e.g. birdsong) can be added as part of post-production sound design, but may seem to come from within the frame.
Non-Diegetic Sound
Raw footage is usually enhanced through the addition of
non-diegetic sound, usually in the form of music or voice over.
Adding music to images is an art form. Music creates mood and
atmosphere, often by manipulating the emotions experienced while viewing. Music
can be classified as either soundtrack or score.
Soundtrack
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Previously-recorded music chosen
because of its fit to the rhythm, content and mood of a sequence. If a song,
the lyrics may add meaning to the images.
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Score
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Music specifically composed to
accompany images. As well as enhancing mood and atmosphere, it can be used thematically
- e.g. a character can be represented by a musical theme every time they
appear, or the audience can be reminded of a situation every time a musical
theme recurs (e.g. the 'shark theme' in JAWS). Music can be discordant or melodic,
depending on the desired emotional effect in the viewer.
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